Chinese Medicine — How It Works
A guide for patients

Chinese
Medicine

How It Works
Introduction

What It Does

Chinese medicine is a complete medical system that has diagnosed, treated, and prevented illness for over twenty-three centuries. While it can remedy ailments and alter states of mind, Chinese medicine can also enhance recuperative power, immunity, and the capacity for pleasure, work, and creativity.

How It Thinks

Within Chinese cosmology, all of creation is born from the marriage of two polar principles, Yin and Yang: Earth and Heaven, winter and summer, night and day, cold and hot, wet and dry, inner and outer, body and mind. Harmony of this union means health, good weather, and good fortune, while disharmony leads to disease, disaster, and bad luck. The strategy of Chinese medicine is to restore harmony.

Each human being is seen as a world in miniature, a garden in which doctor and patient together strive to cultivate health. Every person has a unique terrain to be mapped, a resilient yet sensitive ecology to be maintained. Like a gardener uses irrigation and compost to grow robust plants, the doctor uses acupuncture, herbs, and food to recover and sustain health.

Yin & Yang — tap the symbol to spin it

Yin 陰Yang 陽
Earth & winterHeaven & summer
Night & coldDay & hot
Wet & innerDry & outer
Body & restMind & activity
NourishingTransforming

Neither is better than the other. Health is their harmony.

Hear from patients — tap any card to read their full story

"I fell off a roof and was unable to walk without severe pain. I was told I would have chronic arthritis for the rest of my life and never return to my occupation as a roofer. After the third visit I experienced whole days without pain for the first time in six months. By the fifth visit I walked normally, without discomfort, and within a few weeks I returned to work."
Angus McKenzie, age 36 Tap to read more ↓
Body Constituents

Qi, Moisture, Blood,
Spirit, Essence

Just as Nature contains air, sea, and land, the human body is comprised of Qi (pronounced chee), Moisture, and Blood.

The three substances — tap each to learn more

Qi is the animating force that gives us our capacity to move, think, feel, and work. It is the fundamental energy that flows through channels in the body, keeping every organ functioning, every tissue alive. When Qi flows freely and abundantly, we experience health, vitality, and wellbeing.
Moisture is the liquid medium which protects, nurtures, and lubricates tissue. It keeps joints supple, eyes bright, skin glowing, and the mind clear. When Moisture is deficient, we see dryness, dehydration, and a thirst that nothing quite quenches.
Blood is the material foundation out of which we create bones, nerves, skin, muscles, and organs. In Chinese medicine, Blood does more than transport oxygen — it nourishes the mind, anchors the emotions, and supports restful sleep. Depleted Blood can show up as blurry vision, restless sleep, anxiety, and pallor.
Human beings intermingle psyche and soma, Spirit (Shen) and Essence (Jing). Shen is the immaterial expression of the individual; and Essence represents the body's reproductive and regenerative substance. Chinese medicine appreciates the impact of the unseen upon the visible. Even though it is impossible to touch or measure thoughts or emotions, they are acknowledged as inextricably linked to physiology.

Organ Networks — Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney

As Nature is organized by five primal powers — Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water — so the body is divided into five functional systems known as Organ Networks. These Networks govern particular tissues, mental faculties, and physical activities. Tap each one to learn what it governs and what happens when it is out of balance.

Kidney
Water · Will · Essence
The Kidney Network includes yet extends beyond managing fluid metabolism. The Kidney stores the Essence responsible for reproduction, growth, and regeneration. It controls the teeth, bones, marrow, brain, inner ear, pupil of the eye, and lumbar region, and is associated with the emotion of fear, the will, and the capacity for sharp thinking and perception. Problems such as retarded growth, ringing in the ears, infertility, low back pain, paranoia, fuzzy thinking, weak vision, apathy, or despair are viewed as dysfunctions of the Kidney Network.
Heart
Fire · Spirit · Joy
The Heart not only propels blood through the vessels, but harbors the Spirit and governs the mind. Symptoms as varied as anxiety, restless sleep, angina, and palpitations occur when the Heart is agitated.
Spleen
Earth · Thought · Digestion
The Spleen is in charge of the assimilation of food and fluids, as well as ideas, so when this Network is disturbed, indigestion, bloating, fatigue, scattered thinking, and poor concentration ensue.
Liver
Wood · Emotion · Flow
The Liver is responsible for the storage of Blood, flow of Qi, and evenness of temperament — so when the Liver is thwarted, tension in the neck and shoulders, high blood pressure, headaches, cramping, moodiness, and impulsive behavior may follow.
Lung
Metal · Breath · Boundaries
Through the breath, the Lung sets the body rhythm, defends its boundaries, and affords inspiration. A troubled Lung might trigger tightness in the chest, skin rashes, vulnerability to colds or flus, rigid thinking, or melancholy.

Patient stories

"I was on a seesaw of anti-depressant and anti-anxiety drugs for years until I began acupuncture to stabilize my dosage levels. It occurred to me that maybe I could use acupuncture to get off drugs altogether. I got three treatments a week for five months and I'm now free of two very addictive medicines, both of which were prescribed by psychiatrists. I'm relieved to feel back in control of my life again."
Stephanie Mills, age 35 Tap to read more ↓
"Since my childhood I'd been dependent on inhalers and anti-asthma medicines. Along with acupuncture treatments for six months, I eliminated spicy and cold foods from my diet. Now I can play basketball without needing bronchodilators and I only take medicine occasionally if I get a bad case of hayfever."
Robbie Johnson, age 33 Tap to read more ↓
Body Climates

Wind, Dampness,
Dryness, Heat, Cold

In Nature, extreme wind, dampness, dryness, heat, and cold wreak havoc in the world. These same forces can derange balance within the human body, weakening or obstructing the movement of Qi in the organs.

Tap each climate below to see how it manifests in the body.

🌬️
Wind
Unsteady, moving
As winds shake the trees of the forest, disassembling leaves and branches, internal Wind manifests as vertigo, unsteady movement, and trembling.
💧
Dampness
Heavy, accumulating
As saturated earth generates swamps, so Dampness becomes phlegm and edema in the body — a heavy, sinking quality that slows everything down.
🌵
Dryness
Parching, cracking
As aridity withers vegetation, so Dryness causes chapping or cracking of mucus membranes — dry skin, dry eyes, dry cough, brittle hair and nails.
🔥
Heat
Inflaming, agitating
Just as fire scorches the earth, so internal Heat may inflame tissue — producing redness, fever, agitation, thirst, and a rapid pulse.
❄️
Cold
Contracting, slowing
Just as ice inhibits the rush of water in a winter stream, so internal Cold retards circulation and depresses metabolism — producing stiffness, pallor, and a deep ache.

Patient story

"My rash was red and itchy all over both legs. In the night I'd scratch and drive myself mad. I tried regular doctors and homeopathy — I tried everything. After six visits it was pretty much clear. Then I tried to quit smoking. It's been a year and a half since my last treatment and the rash hasn't come back, and I haven't smoked either."
Helena Muscat, age 22 Tap to read more ↓
Health & Illness

How Illness Arises

Qi, Moisture, and Blood circulate within a web of pathways called channels that link together all the parts of the organism. Health exists when adequate Qi, Moisture, and Blood flow smoothly.

Symptoms as varied as joint pain, headache, anxiety, fatigue, menstrual cramps, high blood pressure, asthma, indigestion, and the common cold occur when their circulation is disrupted. All illness is understood as a consequence of either a depletion or a congestion of Qi, Moisture, and Blood.

Two patterns of imbalance

Depletion
  • Weakness & lethargy
  • Frequent illness
  • Poor digestion
  • Inadequate blood flow
Congestion
  • Aches & tension
  • Tenderness & pain
  • Distended abdomen
  • Irritability & swelling

Just as soil becomes depleted through overuse, so the Qi, Moisture, and Blood are eroded by overwork, emotional tension, mental strain, too much or too little exercise, and inadequate diet or rest, impairing the capacity of the Organ Networks to do their jobs.

Patient story

"For three years I had no energy, no stamina. I had been diagnosed as having both the AIDS and Epstein-Barr viruses. With walking I got short of breath and felt pain in my chest. In the beginning, acupuncture made me feel spaced out and tired. After two months I felt more energetic, my digestion improved, and I wasn't short of breath. After eight months of treatment combined with herbal tonics daily, I regained my strength and returned to work and a more normal life-style. It's been six months since my last treatment but I won't hesitate to rely on acupuncture if I start feeling sick again."
Frank Bell, age 31 Tap to read more ↓
Diagnosis

How Your Practitioner
Reads Your Body

Practitioners assess a person's health by feeling the pulsations at each wrist and by observing the color and form of the face, tongue, and body. This information is interpreted in the context of a patient's present and past complaints, work and living habits, physical environment, family health history, and emotional life.

What your practitioner observes — tap each to learn more

By feeling the pulsations at each wrist, practitioners can read the flow and quality of Qi, Moisture, and Blood throughout the body. A bounding pulse may indicate Heat; a thin pulse suggests Blood deficiency; a slow pulse points to Cold. Each wrist has three positions corresponding to different organ networks — providing a remarkable amount of diagnostic information through touch alone.
The color, shape, and coating of the tongue reveal the state of the internal organs. A red tongue indicates Heat; a pale tongue suggests Blood deficiency; a yellow coating points to Heat; a thick white coating indicates Cold or Dampness; scalloped edges suggest the Spleen is struggling with fluid metabolism. A dry tongue may indicate Blood and Moisture deficiency.
The color and quality of the complexion, the brightness of the eyes, and the overall vitality (Shen) of a person are all visible clues. Pale lips and brittle hair suggest Blood deficiency. Red eyes may accompany Liver Heat. A dull complexion can indicate Blood stagnation.
Your practitioner will ask about your current complaints as well as your work and living habits, physical environment, family health history, and emotional life. No detail is too small — the time of day symptoms worsen, your relationship with heat or cold, your sleep, your digestion, and your emotional landscape all paint a picture. Diagnosis is a way of understanding a problem within the categories of Chinese medicine.

Two examples — tap each card to see the diagnosis

Max
Red eyes · Yellow tongue coating · Bounding pulse
Tap to see diagnosis →

This indicates Heat and congested Qi. Max may be complaining of stomach pain, migraine, nausea, fever, or bronchitis.

Emma
Pale lips · Brittle hair · Thin pulse · Dry tongue
Tap to see diagnosis →

This suggests deficiency of Blood and Moisture, undermining the Liver, Heart, and Spleen. Emma may feel tense, anxious, unable to conceive, or struggle with fatigue, depression, or insomnia.

Patient story

"For months my blood pressure was so high that I was dizzy all the time and couldn't stand up. I was frightened because it was barely under control with medication. Within 48 hours after one of my acupuncture treatments, the pressure dropped so low that my doctor had to take me off medication. It remained normal and I can walk around now without feeling dizzy."
Esther Zipin, age 88 Tap to read more ↓
Treatment

Restoring Harmony

The goal of treatment is to adjust and harmonize Yin and Yang — wet and dry, cold and heat, inner and outer, body and mind.

This is achieved by regulating the Qi, Moisture, and Blood in the Organ Networks: weak organs are tonified, congested channels are opened, excess is dispersed, tightness is softened, agitation is calmed, heat is cooled, cold is warmed, dryness is moistened, and dampness is drained.

Treatment may incorporate acupuncture, herbal remedies, diet, exercise, and massage.

Explore each treatment — tap to select

Acupuncture is based on the understanding that Qi courses through channels in the body just as streams and rivers ebb and flow across the surface of the earth. Every Organ Network has a corresponding set of channels. The acupuncture points are located in small depressions in the skin called "men" or "gates" where the channels come closest to the surface.

In ancient times, when cities were fortified by walls, gates were opened to receive sustenance and closed to keep harm away. With acupuncture, the gates of the body are opened and closed to adjust circulation in the channels and expel noxious influences from them.

Thin, solid, sterile stainless steel needles are inserted into acupuncture points to communicate from the outside to the inside. Acupuncture mobilizes Qi, Moisture, Blood, invigorating proper function of muscles, nerves, vessels, glands, and organs.

How it feels

Insertion of the slender needles goes unnoticed by some, and to others feels like a small pinch followed by a sensation of tingling, numbness, ache, traveling warmth, or heaviness. Sometimes people feel Qi moving at a distance from the point of insertion.

Needles remain in place for twenty to forty minutes. Usually relaxation and an elevation of spirit accompanies treatment. It is as normal to want to continue resting as it is to be immediately energized. Most people are pleased to find that sessions are not uncomfortable and even look forward to them.

Because Chinese medicine reverberates in the body and spirit, it can be a catalyst for subtle yet far-reaching change.

Herbal medicine is itself a powerful method of healing. Western drugs often control symptoms, but do not alter the disease process — antibiotics eliminate bacteria but do not improve a person's resistance to infection; diuretics rid excess fluid without improving kidney function. Chinese herbs treat the underlying condition as defined by traditional diagnosis, and rarely cause unwanted side-effects.

Since fatigue results from a lack of Qi, herbs that nourish the Qi have an energizing effect. Since blurry vision, restless sleep, and irritability result from depleted Blood, Blood-enriching herbs improve vision, sleep, and equanimity. Since dry skin and dehydration arise from insufficient Moisture, herbs that replenish it soften the skin and relieve an otherwise unquenchable thirst.

Formulas combine benefits

Chinese herbs are usually combined in formulas to enhance their individual properties and actions. Symptoms and signs are matched with therapeutic effects, reflecting the particular conditions and needs of each patient.

Formulas are available in a variety of forms: crude herbs to be boiled into tea, liquid bottled extracts, ground herbs packaged in pills, and powders. Herbs, more like foods than drugs, can supplement our diet and fortify our constitution as well as prevent or remedy ailments.

"The sniffles, scratchy throat, and headache that I expected would blossom into a full-fledged cold never did. Herbs cleared me right up."
Jake Talman, age 28 Tap to read ↓
"I stopped estrogen-replacement therapy because of the side-effects — bruising and water retention — but I was desperate for help with my irritable mood swings and hot flashes. Acupuncture plus herbs helped me tremendously. Now, three months later, I feel fantastic — much better than I did on estrogen."
Julia Wisner, age 56 Tap to read more ↓

Duration of treatment depends on the nature of the complaint, its severity, and how long it has been present. Acupuncture is scheduled as often as three times a week or as little as twice a month. Response varies. Some need only a few sessions while others need sustained care to reverse entrenched patterns established over time. As symptoms improve, fewer visits are required — individual progress being the yardstick.

It is as normal to want to continue resting after a session as it is to be immediately energized. Some notice a relief of symptoms or feel more energetic in the days that follow treatment. Most people are pleased to find that sessions are not uncomfortable and even look forward to them.

"I had been diagnosed as having chronic prostatitis and urethritis which antibiotics hadn't helped long-term. After ten acupuncture treatments my difficult urination and painful ejaculations disappeared."
Emilio Perez, age 51 Tap to read ↓
Conditions

What Acupuncture
Can Treat

It would be most accurate to say that acupuncture treats disorders of Qi, Blood, and Moisture, and disturbances of the Organ Networks — but this does not correspond to the Western vocabulary of named diseases and conditions.

Acupuncture may be helpful for: withdrawal from addictions such as sugar, coffee, cigarettes, alcohol, and cocaine; stress reduction; post surgical recovery; chronic fatigue; the signs of aging; and decreased immunity. Some of the many conditions for which acupuncture is considered appropriate are listed by the World Health Organization of the United Nations.

Tap a category to explore — swipe sideways if there are more:

Colds and fluBronchitisHepatitis
HypoglycemiaAsthmaHigh blood pressureUlcersColitisIndigestionHemorrhoidsDiarrheaConstipationDiabetes
DeafnessRinging in the earsEarachesPoor eyesightDizzinessSinus infectionSore throatHay fever
ArthritisNeuralgiaSciaticaBack painBursitisTendonitisStiff neckBell's palsyTrigeminal neuralgiaHeadacheStrokeCerebral palsyPolioSprains
EczemaAcneHerpes
ImpotenceInfertilityPre-menstrual syndromePelvic inflammatory diseaseVaginitisIrregular period or crampsMorning sickness
AnxietyDepressionStressInsomnia
East & West

How Chinese and Western
Medicine Differ

Because Chinese medicine views people as ecosystems in miniature, it seeks to improve our capacity to balance and renew our resources.

Chinese Medicine
  • Sees you as a whole ecosystem
  • Treats the root, not just symptoms
  • Anticipates & prevents problems
  • Strengthens your own resources
  • Protects health day to day
Western Medicine
  • Focuses on named diseases
  • Targets symptoms with precision
  • Intervenes after crises arise
  • Heroic rescue in acute situations
  • Essential for emergencies & surgery

Often Western medicine intervenes only after crises arise, whereas Chinese medicine anticipates problems by sustaining our interior landscape. By correcting depletion and stagnation at earlier stages, greater problems later on are avoided.

Sometimes Western medicine has nothing to offer for nagging chronic complaints that Chinese medicine can help. The two are not a substitute for each other. They are often complementary. Whereas Western medicine may heroically rescue us, Chinese medicine can protect and preserve our health day to day.

Regulation of practice

The regulation of health care practice differs from state to state. Safe and effective practice standards have been established by the National Commission for the Certification of Acupuncturists (NCCA). All practitioners certified by this Commission or the state comply with strict requirements for sterile needles. Many health insurance policies elect to cover acupuncture treatment.

Patient stories

"Tommy missed a lot of school due to perpetual ear and sinus infections. Changes in his diet along with acupuncture and herbs has made him more resilient than his friends, and his learning disabilities also faded away."
Tommy Hansen, age 7 Tap to read ↓
"As a result of chemotherapy, I suffered mild heart failure and kidney shut-down, preventing me from qualifying for another series of chemo treatments. Three weeks after I began acupuncture and herbal therapy, I stopped being short of breath and my kidney function labs improved dramatically. My oncologists were very impressed."
Barbara Landin, age 34 Tap to read more ↓

"Chinese medicine can effectively treat acute and chronic conditions and provide preventive care. To discover whether Chinese medicine is helpful for you, try it."

© 1991 by Harriet Beinfield & Efrem Korngold
1 / 8 What It Does
Swipe to turn the page →